carnot cycle
Definition
Noun: A theoretical thermodynamic cycle that describes the maximum possible efficiency a heat engine can achieve when converting heat into work, or conversely, when using work to move heat. It consists of four reversible processes: two isothermal (constant temperature) and two adiabatic (no heat transfer).
Usage
The term is used in physics and engineering to describe an ideal, lossless standard against which real heat engines are compared. * The Carnot cycle sets the upper limit for the efficiency of any classical heat engine. * Understanding the Carnot cycle is fundamental to the second law of thermodynamics. * No real engine can operate with the perfect efficiency of the Carnot cycle.
Advanced Usage
- Carnot efficiency: The maximum theoretical efficiency derived from the Carnot cycle, calculated as 1 - (Thot), where temperatures are measured on an absolute scale (e.g., Kelvin).
- The Carnot efficiency between a reservoir at 500 K and one at 300 K is 40%.
- Carnot's theorem: A principle stating that no engine operating between two heat reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs.
Variants and Related Words
- Carnot engine (n): The idealized heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle.
- Reversible process (n): A theoretical process that can be reversed without leaving any net change in the system or its surroundings, a key concept in the Carnot cycle.
Synonyms
- Carnot's cycle
- Ideal heat engine cycle
Related Concepts (Not Phrasal Verbs or Idioms)
- Thermodynamic cycle: A broader category of processes to which the Carnot cycle belongs.
- Isothermal process: A process occurring at a constant temperature, one of the stages in the Carnot cycle.
- Adiabatic process: A process occurring without transfer of heat, another stage in the Carnot cycle.
- Second law of thermodynamics: The fundamental law which the Carnot cycle helps to illustrate and quantify.
Noun
-
a cycle (of expansion and compression) of an idealized reversible heat engine that does work without loss of heat
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